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Short abstract:

The research applies social network analysis to investigate knowledge sharing among farmers and institutions. With a comparison of two regions in Japan, the study presents an effective and dependable mix to communicate new technologies and knowledge tackling the growing environmental uncertainty.

Long abstract:

To enhance environmental sustainability, a supportive network for farmers that shares resources and knowledge is critical in backing alternative farming practices. Particularly, facing the increasing uncertainty of rainfall and temperature dynamics, climate change adaptation strategies developed by academia or technocracies require more effective and reliable communication with smallholder farmers. The research draws out a comparison of two regions in Japan, Sado Island (Niigata Prefecture) and Tajima Area (Hyogo Prefecture). Within the country, both regions have been pioneers in promoting conservative agriculture (i.e., farming practices that reduce or eliminate chemical use), highlighting Japanese Crested Ibis and Oriental White Stork as indicator species to develop environmental management methods and policies. With a questionnaire survey of certified eco-friendly rice farmers, the study investigates the knowledge-sharing practices among farmers and institutions, including the farmers’ association, enterprises, and governmental technocracies. Utilizing social network analysis, the analysis consists of three layers: first identifying the general attributes of the respondent and the distribution of group belongings, then comparing the channels of knowledge acquisition in terms of farming practices, materials/technology inputs, and financial resources. The research also draws attention to the interplays between institutionalized knowledge/technology, indigenous knowledge, and/or personal observations, as well as generational characteristics in building knowledge-sharing communities. Finally, based on the farmers’ assessments of reliability among different information sources, research suggests an effective and dependable mix of communication.