Short abstract:

This research investigates sociotechnical imaginaries embedded in the current lunar exploration programs and their representations in world politics to reflect on the sociopolitical visions they are based on and to discuss implications for future space governance and world politics.

Long abstract:

Two lunar bases are supposed to be built by China (and Russia) and the USA with the eventual possibility of human habitation on the moon around 2040. The two projects are of comparable intent, have a similar time frame and are widely regarded as a new area of competition in the new “space race”. Interested states can become partners in the programs and often decide between the two possibilities. The hosting states provide norms and principles for the cooperation on Earth and the operation of the lunar bases to which partnering states have to adhere. This development can be regarded as a new era of fragmented norm-setting for space activities.

Hence, research on norm-setting as the basis of a future space regime is necessary. This paper contributes to this conversation by using the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries to reflect on the visions of space, the promoted forms of social life, and ideas and values underpinning the discourse surrounding the establishment of the two stations. The analysis will be based on a qualitative analysis of documents related to the two programs like the Artemis Accords and the ILRS Guide for Partnership, press releases, and possibly news coverage. The proposed infrastructure including design and utility will also be taken into account as well as the "Global Exploration Roadmap". The research aims to show conflicting and corresponding themes which could lead to divergence or consensus in the process of norm deliberation in the space sector.