Paper short abstract:

This paper examines the actual economic and social condition of White Russians comparing to other ethnic groups in Manchukuo society, especially to Japanese and Manchurians/Chinese .

Paper long abstract:

The positioning of White Russians in Manchukuo society is an important topic, especially taking into account that they were announced as “citizens” of a New State. This paper examines the actual economic and social condition of White Russians comparing to other ethnic groups in Manchukuo society, especially to Japanese and Manchurians/Chinese . The author will present the differences between public propaganda for White Russians and reality which they had experienced in Manchukuo. It is hoped this article will show what kind of “Racial Harmony (minzoku kyowa)” and “Harmony of the Five Races (gozoku kyowa)” society were created in the New State in case of minority group such as White Russians. There are a lot of researches about White Russians in Manchukuo. And still these researches left few unsolved problems, which were analyzed in this paper. Such as, 1) the “exact” function of BREM (Bureau of Russian Émigré Affairs in Manchukuo) not for the Russian emigrants, but for the New State. 2) the “exact” place and the role of BREM in the administrative system of Manchukuo before 1943, when it became “the assistant organization” of the government of the New State system. 3) the “exact” place of Russian emigrants in Manchukuo society as long as Russians were pronounced in Russian language as “the 5th nation” of a New State. To answer these questions author carefully has been analyzed the documents of BREM and Russian newspapers published in Manchukuo those days, and Manchukuo government documents, of cause. The author tries to analyse the reason why the social policy of “Racial Harmony” and “Harmony of the Five Races” of Manchukuo towards White Russians gone wrong way.