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Paper short abstract

EndSARS protests showcased Nigeria 's digital twist where youths mobilized for police reform but the government hit back with shutdowns and surveillance. Using Amartya Sen's ideas, this paper argues digital freedom is crucial for rights and development

Paper long abstract

The activities of SARS- Anti Robbery Squad in Nigeria sparked widespread outrage when netizens began narrating the atrocities committed by this arm of the Nigerian Police, meant to protect but instead became a source of fear. In 2020, the #EndSARS protest erupted as a result of people's outcry on social media to end their activities. Nigerian youths led movements to mobilize and demand police reform, exemplifying "development as freedom" (Sen, 1999). This paper showcases the irony of digital citizenship in a restrictive society's digital movement. It explores the government's use of internet shutdowns and surveillance, highlighting tensions between digital activism and authoritarianism. Using critical analysis, the paper examines the relationship between digital citizenship, digital authoritarianism, freedom, and development in Nigeria. Applying Amartya Sen's capability approach, it argues digital freedom is essential for expanding agency and rights. The paper finds restrictive digital policies undermine development goals, emphasizing the need for inclusive governance. The author concludes that understanding the complex relationship between digital citizenship, freedom, and development in emerging democracies is crucial for sustainability.

Keywords: EndSARS, Digital Freedom, Digital Citizenship, Amartya Sen, Development, Nigeria