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Paper short abstract

The genocide perpetrated by Sheikh Hasina's government in the anti-discrimination movement led to the July Mass Uprising of 2024 in Bangladesh, by which Sheikh Hasina was overthrown. This paper examines the motives, nature, and anticipation of this mass uprising in Bangladesh.

Paper long abstract

The overthrown Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina, was elected to the Office for the second time in 2009. However, since then, she established an authoritarian regime by disenfranchising the people and persecuting opposition political parties, and continued to power for consecutive four terms till she was overthrown by the July Mass Uprising in 2024. She transformed the history of the Great War of Liberation (People's War) of Bangladesh (1971) into her party's sole property, and she used the spirit of the Liberation War to establish her prolonged autocratic regime. She allowed her collaborators to smuggle millions of people's hard-earned money out of the country. To remain in power, she undermined the country's interests with his collaborators and eroded professionalism in the government by politicising all state institutions, including the judiciary. By giving quota privileges to thousands of fake freedom fighters and their children and grandchildren, her government deprived the ordinary people of government jobs. She rendered the entire administrative machinery almost incompetent through an unreasonable quota system for her own people in the name of the Freedom Fighters’ quota. However, the genocide perpetrated by Sheikh Hasina's government in the anti-discrimination and anti-quota movement led to an unprecedented mass uprising in July 2024. The victory was achieved at the expense of students' lives at universities, colleges, schools, madrasas, and other institutions nationwide. This paper examines the motives, nature, and anticipation of the July Mass Uprising in Bangladesh.