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Paper short abstract

Despite maintaining steady economic growth in the last decade, the July 2024 uprising toppled the Hasina regime. Based on literature surveys, interviews, and content analysis, this study examines the causes and impact of the uprising, as well as the subsequent political reforms that followed.

Paper long abstract

Bangladesh's polity has faced numerous setbacks in its efforts to build democratic institutions. Compared to other major democracies, Bangladesh has experimented with diverse political systems ranging from parliamentary to military dictatorship over the last five decades. The political leadership in Bangladesh received limited exposure to democratic institution-building. The perplexing moves during the post-independent era were contributed to by the legacies of the country's pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial heritage. In most cases, post-independent governments attempted to maintain single-party dominance, thereby undermining the role of leading opposition parties. The recent Monsoon Revolution, or the July uprising that toppled the Awami League regime, is the result of oppression, murders, enforced disappearances, and extrajudicial killings over the last 15 years. Anger over these issues, combined with the 36-day student movement. The protests that led to Hasina’s downfall had quickly escalated from student demonstrations on campuses to a nationwide mass revolution, with hundreds of thousands calling for her removal and the return of democracy. Hasina’s government responded with an onslaught of violence and bullets, leaving hundreds dead and thousands injured. Ahead of the downfall of the regime in August 2024. The people of Bangladesh have ousted that regime with the hope of restoring true democracy. The present study analyses the background of the July Revolution, its political and socio-cultural impact and the subsequent political reforms. By employing qualitative approaches, including ethnographic and historical methods, the investigation will be grounded in a literature survey, interviews, and content analysis from a political history perspective.