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Paper short abstract:

The Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS), created in 1992 to fight violent crime, became notorious for human rights abuses and torture. The #EndSARS campaign, launched in 2017, gained momentum in October 2020, calling for an end to police brutality, justice for victims, and police reforms in Nigeria.

Paper long abstract:

The Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) was established in 1992 as a unit within the Nigerian police to address violent crimes such as robbery and kidnapping. Unfortunately, it became notorious for human rights violations, including unlawful arrests, extrajudicial killings, extortion, torture, and sexual abuse. In late 2017, Nigerian human rights activists initiated the #EndSARS campaign to raise awareness about these abuses and advocate for good governance, an end to police brutality, and broader social justice reforms. The movement gained momentum on October 8, 2020, when nationwide protests erupted following widespread outrage over videos documenting police misconduct. Led primarily by young Nigerians, the protests called for an end to SARS and better treatment from law enforcement. This study aims to assess the progress of the #EndSARS movement within the context of Nigeria’s fragile political environment, characterized by conflict and violence. It will evaluate both the successes and challenges faced by the movement, with particular focus on the controversial Lekki Toll Gate incident. Using content analysis of existing literature, media reports, and online materials, this research explores the movement's impact and the societal unity it fostered despite Nigeria’s diverse and often divisive social landscape. This paper calls for the Nigerian government to take responsibility for the Lekki shooting, ensure justice for the victims, and protect citizens' constitutional rights. Furthermore, it advocates for comprehensive police reforms to prevent future abuses and ensure accountability within the force.