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Paper short abstract:

This study examines disparities in maternal healthcare access and outcomes between tribal and non-tribal populations in India, identifying contributing factors. It highlights global challenges in maternal healthcare access, particularly for vulnerable populations, an issue concerning SDGs 3 and 10.

Paper long abstract:

Maternal health remains a global priority, yet significant disparities persist, particularly among marginalised populations. In India, maternal health among tribal women, a historically disadvantaged group with distinct socio-economic characteristics and cultural beliefs, remains a pressing public health concern. Tribal communities often face systemic barriers to accessing maternal healthcare services. In response, initiatives like the Janani Suraksha Yojana aim to reduce maternal and infant mortality by improving access to skilled care during pregnancy and childbirth, with a focus on marginalised groups. However, inequities in access persist across socio-economic groups. Using data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), a large-scale, nationally representative sample, this study investigates the disparities in maternal healthcare utilisation and outcomes between tribal and non-tribal populations. It examines whether significant differences persist and identifies the factors contributing to these disparities. Logistic regression analyses reveal that tribal women are more likely to receive four or more antenatal care visits but less likely to opt for institutional deliveries compared to their non-tribal counterparts. Despite lower institutional delivery rates, tribal populations exhibit a lower likelihood of infant deaths than the non-tribal population. Decomposition analysis further reveals that factors such as wealth status, parity, and distance to healthcare facilities play a significant role in contributing to these disparities. These findings highlight a complex interplay of social, cultural, and systemic factors that influence maternal healthcare access.