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Paper short abstract:

This paper explores how traditional customs governed land acquisition, including transfers within kinship lines or to outsiders, the documentation processes for such transfers, potential conflicts arising from these practices, and traditional mechanisms for resolving disputes effectively.

Paper long abstract:

The transition to renewable energy presents unique challenges in countries like Cameroon, where customary land tenure systems significantly influence land governance. This study examines the impact of customary laws on land acquisition processes for renewable energy projects, focusing specifically on pilot and planned solar energy installations. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study analyzes existing agreements, land deeds, and contracts to evaluate how well customary land rights are recognized or overlooked during project planning and implementation. Interviews with traditional leaders, local communities, government officials, and private developers provide insights into negotiation dynamics and stakeholder perceptions. The findings reveal critical gaps in integrating customary land rights into formal land acquisition processes, which can lead to conflicts, delays, and community resistance. The study also identifies opportunities to leverage traditional governance systems to promote inclusive and sustainable renewable energy development. It proposes policy recommendations aimed at harmonizing customary and statutory land governance, with a focus on equitable benefit-sharing, transparent negotiations, and effective conflict-resolution mechanisms. By addressing these challenges, this study aims to contribute to the creation of a just and context-sensitive framework for renewable energy expansion in Cameroon, ensuring that the voices of traditional landowners and local communities are heard and represented in the green energy transition.