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Paper short abstract:

Examining the reliance on informal coal-related activities among marginalized communities in Son-Rihand Basin, this study emphasizes the need for inclusive, sustainable and just pathways that align with community aspirations, address structural barriers and build resilience for a post-coal future.

Paper long abstract:

Based on a survey of 380 households in Son-Rihand Basin (SRB), this study examines the socioeconomic implications of coal mine closures and the respondents’ willingness to adopt alternative livelihoods in light of India’s target of net-zero emissions by 2070. The SRB, located in the coal-rich north-eastern Vindhyan ranges, is a hub of mining and thermal power generation. However, it is marked by complexities and reliance on informal coal-related activities among marginalized communities. Using a mixed-methods approach encompassing remote sensing, GIS, household surveys, interviews and focused group discussions, this study highlights the region’s multifaceted dependence on coal mining and thermal power plants. The analysis suggests that 40% of households rely on coal-related activities, while others are engaged in business, agriculture and public sector undertakings. Notably, 44% of respondents have expressed a preference for entrepreneurship, followed by manufacturing, retail, administration and agriculture. Younger respondents (<30 years of age) have showed an inclination toward public service and administrative jobs.

Skill development is crucial for smooth transitions to alternative livelihoods, but financial constraints and degraded land pose significant challenges. Current government’s green development strategies lack targeted policy interventions and investments in education and skills leading to exclusion of communities from the ‘development’ trajectory. By situating the SRB within global debates on land, labour and coal transitions, this study offers actionable insights for policymakers and researchers. It emphasizes the need for inclusive, ecologically sustainable and socially just pathways that align with community aspirations, address structural barriers and build resilience for a post-coal future.