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This study examines gender disparities in food security in Palestine, focusing on the dynamics and impact of COVID-19 between 2018 and 2020. Female-headed households (FHHs) in Palestine face disproportionately high rates of food insecurity compared to male-headed households (MHHs), a disparity exacerbated by the pandemic. By 2020, 33% of FHHs were food insecure compared to 24% of MHHs. In Gaza, where 69% of households are food insecure, FHHs are particularly vulnerable due to limited access to productive resources, economic opportunities, and basic services. These challenges are further compounded by systemic constraints, such as unequal land access, restricted mobility, and socio-cultural barriers. Using a binary classification of food security, the study employs Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition to disentangle the contributions of demographic, socioeconomic, and resource access factors to the gender gap in food security. Preliminary findings highlight the role of resource disparities, such as access to land and employment, in shaping food security outcomes for FHHs. The study also explores how changes in market structures and systemic discrimination influence these disparities over time. The research provides actionable policy recommendations to address gender-based inequities in food security. Proposed interventions include enhancing access to land, credit, and markets for FHHs, creating economic opportunities for women, and reducing socio-cultural barriers. By targeting these factors, the study aims to inform strategies that not only improve food security for FHHs but also promote broader social equity in Palestine. This research contributes to the understanding of gendered food security challenges in fragile contexts and offers pathways for sustainable development.