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Paper short abstract:

I aim to share insights on the dynamics of digital activism in authoritarian contexts, focusing on coalition-building, inclusivity, and the potential for systemic change, while engaging in discussions on the intersection of governance, resistance, and development in repressive regimes.

Paper long abstract:

In an authoritarian context, where public dissent is severely suppressed, online protests have emerged as critical spaces for resistance. These digital movements unite diverse actors, including pro-democracy advocates and policy-based protesters, to challenge state authority and address corruption, environmental degradation, and social injustice. This paper examines how online protest coalitions navigate authoritarian constraints and garner public support.

The study argues that public support depends on the prominence of either the policy or democracy component in protest narratives. Policy-oriented frames resonate more strongly in tightly controlled public discourse, often overshadowing pro-democracy agendas and limiting their visibility. Using a qualitative methodology, including interviews with activists and content analysis of protest narratives, this research explores how digital platforms facilitate collective action.

Findings reveal two key dimensions of online protests: their moral foundation and strategic approach. The moral foundation is rooted in narratives of accountability, justice, and solidarity framed within national identity. These narratives resonate with the public and provide a strong basis for collective action. However, tensions arise as pro-democracy advocates struggle to ensure policy demands do not overshadow democratic goals.

Strategically, online protests capitalise on digital platforms' anonymity and rapid dissemination capabilities to unite diverse actors. However, the decentralisation of these movements presents challenges for sustaining momentum and leadership post-protest, often limiting their potential for systemic change.

This research contributes to understanding the dynamics of digital activism in authoritarian contexts, offering insights into fostering sustainable collective action in repressive environments.