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Abstract

This paper examines the migration trends, processes, and settlement experiences of Central Asian Muslims in Europe, with a particular focus on the United Kingdom. The diversification of migration patterns in Central Asian countries—shaped in part by bilateral agreements between Central Asian states and several Western countries—has created new opportunities for seasonal employment in Europe, including the UK. Although Russia remains the primary destination for labour migrants from Central Asia, it is no longer the sole attractive option due to evolving socio-economic and political conditions. Migration to Europe offers the prospect of higher earnings for seasonal workers; however, its scale remains limited by increasingly restrictive immigration policies and the rise of anti-immigration sentiments across Europe.

In recent years, the UK has witnessed an unprecedented increase in the arrival of labour migrants from Central Asia. While precise figures remain unavailable, the number of migrants has grown significantly. This paper explores the migration patterns of Tajik migrants in the UK, focusing on their processes of adaptation, key push and pull factors, and the social and institutional mechanisms that enable them to extend their stay and pursue settlement. Drawing on ethnographic research, the paper argues that Central Asian migrants actively utilise existing community networks and legal frameworks to regularise their status and adapt to the UK’s multicultural environment.

Keywords: Central Asia, Muslims, Europe, United Kingdom, Tajik migrants, migration, diaspora