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Abstract:

This paper explores the intricate gender dynamics within Kazakh music, examining how traditional and contemporary practices reflect and shape gender roles and identities. Historically, Kazakh music, deeply rooted in the nomadic culture, has been a potent medium for both reinforcing and challenging societal norms. The study investigates the roles of male and female musicians, highlighting the historical dominance of men in professional music spheres and the cultural constraints placed on women’s musical expression. Through a comprehensive review of literature and analysis of musical compositions, performances, and ethnographic data, the paper uncovers the evolution of gender roles in Kazakh music from the pre-Soviet era to the present day.

The research reveals that during the Soviet period, state policies significantly influenced gender representations in music, promoting female participation while simultaneously imposing ideological frameworks that often reinforced traditional gender stereotypes. In contemporary Kazakhstan, the music scene is witnessing a gradual transformation with increasing visibility and influence of female musicians who challenge patriarchal norms and advocate for gender equality through their art.

This study will critically analyze the causes and obstacles of gender inequality in musical culture, the main aspects of the gender issue in the context of the historical and socio-cultural narrative, and a comparative analysis of the role of women in traditional Kazakh music and in the modern music industry. The underlying framework of the study is a qualitative analysis of academic resources on gender studies, interviews with women musicians and cultural experts, and case studies of specific initiatives aimed at increasing women's participation in the music scene.

This paper also delves into the thematic content of Kazakh songs, exploring how lyrical narratives and musical styles convey gendered experiences and perspectives. By examining case studies of prominent Kazakh musicians and their contributions, the study provides insights into the ongoing struggle for gender parity in the music industry. The findings underscore the complex interplay between music, culture, and gender, highlighting the potential of Kazakh music as a catalyst for social change and gender empowerment.