Abstract:

This research work, based on a qualitative study using an integrated method, examines perceptions about ideal upbringing and the influence of family upbringing on the development of children in Uzbek culture. The article is based on data collected during participant observation, surveys, and individual interviews among Uzbek families (n=454) of different generations and social strata in Tashkent. The study showed gender differences in parenting and the importance of parental coherence in raising children. The results showed that parents had similar self-perceptions in raising children and shared common cultural beliefs and values towards children. However, mothers felt more involved in raising children than fathers and found it easier to balance different roles in their lives.

The analysis shows that growing economic instability and inequality, as well as the spread of intensive parenting ideology, were the main social contexts of child rearing. It was revealed that the process of urbanization and industrialization led to the spread of undivided families and an increase in the number of nuclear families, which, in turn, led to changes in the traditional Uzbek family upbringing system. The study also showed that over the past 5 years, interest in psychology has sharply increased (first among women, then among men), where parents were looking for an answer (reading psychological books and various social channels, going to training seminars, in rare cases to a psychologist) to this, what an ideal upbringing should be like. Despite this, it was revealed that most parents do not have pedagogical knowledge and experience that meet the requirements of the present time and raise children on the basis of deep-rooted stereotypes.

The study showed that the practice of effectively using the upbringing potential of the older generation in Uzbek family upbringing has not yet lost its importance. This emphasizes the importance of continuity of national traditions in the upbringing process. In addition to stressors, there is also a misconception about physical and psychological violence, which is associated in their understanding with tradition and is considered the norm.

The study also found an increase in the use of corporal punishment in family education, which is directly related to the level of family education, socio-economic status, family form and migration. In addition to stressors, there is also a misconception about physical and psychological violence, which is associated in their understanding with tradition and is considered the norm.