Abstract:

This paper examines the evolving logistics and trade strategies of Central Asian countries as they navigate the challenges of geopolitical dependencies and seek to diversify their economic and trade routes beyond traditional reliance on Russia. Amidst the shifting dynamics of global power and trade, these nations are pioneering alternative pathways to enhance their strategic autonomy, market access, and regional influence. Utilizing the theoretical lens of the English School, particularly through Filippo Costa Buranelli's concept of the dovetail effect, this study explores how Central Asian states are engaging in a balance of participation in various international platforms and agreements to subtly shift the regional power equilibrium and foster increased interdependence.

Central Asian countries are actively developing logistics and trade routes in four key directions: southward through Afghanistan with access to Pakistan; southwestward utilizing Iranian ports; westward towards Europe through Turkey or the Black Sea; and eastward in cooperation with China to tap into Asian markets. This multifaceted approach is facilitated through platforms such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), consultative meetings of Central Asian leaders, and bilateral negotiations, all aimed at creating a robust legal framework to support these initiatives.

The strategic importance of these endeavors is twofold. Firstly, by diversifying their logistics and trade routes, Central Asian countries aim to open up new markets for themselves and, secondly, to create conduits for larger international actors to develop cooperation through the region. This approach not only enhances their economic prospects but also positions them as intermediaries in trade networks, thereby increasing their leverage and regional significance.

Through case studies and analysis of key agreements, such as Kazakhstan's involvement in the EAEU and the development of transport corridors with the Organisation of Turkic States, this paper delineates how these nations utilize international cooperation to their advantage. The establishment of simplified customs corridors, agreements on international combined transport, and the development of modern logistics services are highlighted as pivotal steps towards achieving these strategic objectives.

By applying Costa Buranelli's dovetail effect, this research provides a novel perspective on how these countries leverage their geographical and strategic positions to navigate between major powers, enhance their autonomy, and play a more significant role in international affairs. This study not only sheds light on the complex dynamics of regional politics and trade but also underscores the importance of theoretical frameworks in understanding the subtleties of state behavior on the international stage.