Paper abstract:

The global challenges of environment and climate change are part of modern world reality in the XXI century. It is now well-admitted that biological diversity is interconnected with environmental issues and climate change processes. Therefore, the protection of biodiversity reasonable due to its services provided by ecosystems to humanity and this protection addressed to the genetic diversity within each species, the diversity of species, and the diversity of ecosystems within a region. On the one hand, these ecosystem services consist of provisioning (resources such as food, water, timber and fibre), regulating (affection on climate, floods, disease, wastes and water quality), cultural (aesthetic and spiritual benefits), and supporting (soil formation, photosynthesis and nutrient cycling) services. On the other hand, biodiversity protection is the response to consumer's society demands for biological resources that should last indefinitely. This also indicates that the environmental and scientific problems of biodiversity are interdependent from socio-political processes. Moreover, biodiversity is an ally for mankind in mitigating climate change and adapting economies to its impact.

At the same time, the United Nations declared the year 2022 as the International Year of Sustainable Mountain Development. Nonetheless, mountainous developing countries in Central Asia are particularly vulnerable to biodiversity loss since such countries do not have sufficient financial resources and technological capacity to protect biodiversity in harmony with socio-economic development. Thus, this Proposal enlightens peculiarities of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity legal framework for Central Asian mountainous developing countries. The Proposal addresses legal matters of North and South approaches to biodiversity protection with a focus on financial resources and mechanisms within the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity.